The
main centre for the manufacture of cameos is the Torre del Greco area, on the Bay
of Naples , Italy, where the traditional art of cameo cutting has been
handed down through the generations. The town nestles at the foot of Mount
Vesuvius, which has been relatively quiet for some time. Experts predict another eruption
at some point in the future, possibly of the violence that once destroyed
Pompeii and Herculaneum, but the local people live their everyday lives without
fear, much as the Californians do on the San Andreas Fault.
Sadly,
fewer and fewer young people choose to be apprenticed into the trade, although
The State Institute of Art in Torre del Greco still offers training in the art
of engraving and cameo cutting. Student
One in the first year practises with mosaics, Student Two in the
third year proudly shows a carved flower, and Student
Three, in her final year, is mastering the cutting of a Botticelli head in cameo.
The Tutor
demonstrates to the assembled class.
Two
sea shells are most frequently used – the cassis
rufa, giving a creamy relief against a pinky brown background, and the
larger cassis madagascariensis,
with a dark pinky brown background and a whiter relief. Some pink
cameos can be found using the strombus
gigas shell, but they are not as common.
These
shells have three layers. The outside
layer, warty in appearance is usually cleared away, unless used for special
effect. The middle layer is white or cream, and is the layer in which
the design is carved. The third, interior, layer provides the contrasting colour
against which the design is shown in relief. Shells unsuitable for traditional
carving are sold as mementoes, with a rough carving on the whole
shell.
Only
part of the shell is used for carving. A skilled operator cuts away the unwanted
part, using a steel saw , with water
constantly spraying to keep the blade cool.
Then ovals, from 6mm in length, are cut from the best coloured pieces,
roughly smoothed and trimmed by grinding wheel, and finished by hand.
The
oval is then attached to a dopstick
with shellac, and the hand carving begins, at first with a small hand
drill to make a rough outline, then with a steel
graver for the fine detail. As more and more detail is added, the carver
uses progressively finer points. Each cameo design has to take into account all
the depressions and protuberances on the shell, with no two exactly alike. No
machine can replicate this skill, so every shell cameo is genuinely hand carved
and unique.
The
carved pieces of shell are then individually hand mounted in a variety of frames
to make earrings, rings, bracelets, brooches and pendants. The cost
of any cameo depends upon the size, quality and type of shell, the style and
carat of the setting and the expertise of the carver. In the
DI
CARA COLLECTION,
there are cameos to suit all tastes and pockets.